北京市英语水平考试重点考点汇总
--北京大学生家教
重点考点汇总：形容词的比较级和最高级
这个考点从试卷的第一部分就开始了考察，一般都是价格、质量以及时间等的比较
[思路分析]
形容词比较级
比较的一般情况用法: ①②③④为必学必会，⑤⑥⑦为了解，⑧⑨为学会运用
①双方比较,表示一方比较另一方出现不同时时 ,用“比较级+than”的结构表示(than 是比较级当中最明显的标志，牢记出现than这个单词时，不要含糊马上考虑比较级就正确了)。
例如:This pen is better than that one. He is cleverer than his sister.但注意这种表达法:she is the older of the two sisters.
②表示一方不及(注：理解这个“不及”词就是少、坏的含义)另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。例如:this park is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语(如even ,a lot, a bit, a little ,still, much ,far, yet, by far等)修饰。
例如:he works even harder than before. 注意:英语比较级前若无even, still, yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”,或不译出,一般不用“更”。例如:she feels better than yesterday.她比昨天好些了。please come earlier tomorrow.请明天早点来。
注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如放在前面,应在中间加“the”。
例如:he is taller by far than his brother . he is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程序而变化,即表达“越……(就)越……”意义时,用the+比较级(主语+谓语),the+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构。例如:The harder he worked, the more progress he made. The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
⑤不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变,即表达“越来越……”意义时,用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。
例如:the weather is getting colder and colder.
⑥“no+比较级”与“not+比较级”结构含义不同。
“no+比较级”表示两个人(事物)都含有与该形容词相反的属性;
“not+比较级”表示两个事物都具有该形容词的属性,只是在程度上前者不如后者。
试比较:Tom is no taller than jack.(=Tom is as short as jack.) Tom is not taller than jack.(=Tom is not so tall as jack.)
⑦某些以or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。(这些词有inferior,superior,junior,senior,prior等。)例如:he is su-perior to mr. wang in mathematics.
⑧在比较从句中,为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人,也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。
例如:the book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk. a box made of iron is stronger than the one made of wood.
⑨倍数表示法。假定两事物a和b对比,比较中有a是b的几倍和a比b大(小)几倍两种情况:
(1)a是b的几倍可表示为:a is...times as+形容词(副词)原级+as b.
a is...times the size(length/height/amount etc.)of b.
例如:这座桥是旧桥的3倍长。
this bridge is three times as long as the old one.
②this bridge is three times the length of the old one.
[解题过程]
a比b大(小)几倍或多(少)几倍可表示为:
a is...times+比较级+than
b./a is...times + more(less) than b.
例如:这座桥比旧桥长3倍。This bridge is three times longer than that of the old one.=this bridge is four times as long as the old one.
再如:我厂今年的产量比去年多2倍。
the output of our plant this year is twice larger than last year.=the output of our plant this year is three times the amount of last year.
用times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice或double。
形容词副词最高级的用法:
①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
如:Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works(the)hardest in his class. This is the most brave nation in the world.
②最高级可被序数词以及much, by far ,nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。
如:This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.
How much did the second most expensive hat cost.
③表示“最高程度”的形容词(如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite等)没有最高级,也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。例如:he is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。例如:Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
特别注意死记硬背部分
一 少数单音节词前面加 more-, most- 构成比较级和最高级
tired ---- more tired , most tired
fond ----- more fond , most fond
glad ----- more glad , most glad
bored ---- more bored , most bored
pleased---- more pleased , most pleased
二 不规则变化
good /well------- better ,best
bad/badly/ill------ worse , worst
many/much-------more , most
little ------ less , least
far ---- farther / further , furthest
old ---- older , oldest (GA)
---- older , oldest / elder , eldest (GB)
三下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式
cruel----- crueler, cruelest / more cruel , most cruel
strict---- stricter , strictest / more strict , most strict
often----- oftener , oftenest / more often , most often
friendly------ friendlier , friendliest / more friendly , most friendly
clever----- cleverer, cleverest / more clever , most clever
四 下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高(即表示”最高程度”或”绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级)
empty , wrong , perfect , unique , extreme , excellent , favourite (GB)/ favorite (GA) , true , right , correct , extremely
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