北京高考家教: 英语语法有成套的系统,但还是需要同学们利用零碎的时间进行逐项突破。特殊句型主要涉及到倒装句、强调句、祈使句、感叹句、省略句和反意疑问句。以下是特殊句型的明细讲解,希望其内容能够为同学们梳理出成条的知识的脉络和体系。
一、 倒装句 分为全部倒装和部分倒装
l 全部倒装。动词要全部置于主语前,这称为“全部倒装”。
1) 在以here, there 或out, in, up, down, away等副词或介词开头的句子里。(注意:若此时主语是人称代词,则动词不倒装。如:Here he goes.)
如: Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children. Away went the boy.
2. 在谓语是be,表语提前的句子里。
如:Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
部分倒装。只将谓语中的一部分放在主语前面的倒装称为“部分倒装”。
结构:助动词/情态动词/ be/have +主语+谓语其余部分
部分倒装分以下几种情况:
1. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且置于句首时,用部分倒装。(结构:only+状语(从句)+部分倒装)
如:Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
2. 含有否定意义的副词或连词,如:hardly, never, not, not only, little, not until, in on way, at no time, no sooner (had)…than …, hardly (had) … when … (一…就…)等放在句首时,用部分倒装。(注意:在not only…but also句型中,只有not only分句进行倒装。)
如:Never have I realized that water is so precious.
No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.
Not only is the Earth Summit a place to talk about problems, but (also) it is a place to find.
3. 把副词so, neither, nor放在句首,表示“…也/也不”。
如:He likes volleyball very much. So do I.
I have never been abroad. Neither has he.
4. 虚拟语气中如果if被省略时,把were, should 和had 这些词放主语前面。
如:If you were a fish, the cat would eat you.= Were you a fish, the cat would eat you.
5. So/such + adj. 置句首时,主句要用部分倒装。
如:The lake is so shallow that no fish can live in.= So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in.
6. as引导的让步状语从句中,倒装结构:adj\adv\n.\v.+as+主语+谓语(如果名词前有a\an,要省略)eg. Quiet student as he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
二、强调句型 结构:It is\was……that\who……(北京高考家教www.beishidajiajiao.com)
判断方法:将It is\was……that\who……去掉,看剩下的部分是否能组成一个完整的句子。若能,则是强调句;若不能,则为从句。
It is imagination that makes the world colorful.= Imagination makes the world colorful.
三、祈使句 动词开头的句子,主语被省略。
常考考点:祈使句+or\and+陈述句。
Eg. Go along the street and you will see the office on your right.
四、感叹句 结构:what+(a(n)+adj)n.+主语+谓语!或How+adj.\adv.+主语+谓语!
Eg. What a terrible accident it is!\ How terrible it is!
五、省略句
在上下文中,为避免重复,任何句子成分都有可能省略,根据具体语境进行理解。
Eg. ---What makes you so happy today? ---Passing the exam (makes me happy today).
在状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或是it,从句的主语与be可一起省略。
Eg. If (he is) given the same treatment, he is sure to get well.
If (it is) possible, I will visit you tomorrow.
当省略不定式的内容时,需保留到to。
Eg. ---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
---I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.
六、反意疑问句 句子+简短的疑问(北京高考家教www.beishidajiajiao.com)
1) 反意疑问句否定、肯定形式
一般遵循前肯后否、前否后肯的原则。
但当句子前有Oh;Ah;So 等语气词时,前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相同。
前面部分有否定词或半否定词时,后面部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时,后面部分还是用否定形式。
2) 反意疑问句的谓语选择
若前面部分为主从复合句,一般说来,以主句为准;
前面句子含有must;can’t;may等表推测的词时,疑问部分则依据句子的时态及时间状语而定;
句子是Let’s…时,后面用shall\shan’t we; 前面部分是Let us…祈使句时,后面用will you\won’t you.
前面句子是I’m…时,后面用aren’t I; 句子是I’m not…,后面用am I。
当前面主语是anyone\anybody\everyone时, 疑问部分用复数形式。