现在完成时与一般过去时
的比较与练习
北京家教网：现在完成时
一、构成
1.肯定句:
主语+have/has+过去分词+(其他）。
2. 否定句:
主语+have/has+not +过去分词+(其他）。
3. 一般疑问句
Have/has+主语+过去分词?
Yes, S+have/has.
No, S+have/hasn’t.
二、特征词
already(肯定句)
yet(否定句和疑问句)
never，ever(疑问句)
just (谓语动词之前) before(句末）
so far= up to now, by now（到如今，迄今为止）
in the past/last few years,
(过去几年来)
these days（这几天）
since/ever since（自从，从那时起）
for+ 时间段 :for two years
三、用法
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。（还记得内容）
Jim has just lost his book.吉姆刚才把书丢了。（还没找到）
2.常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用.如：
for+时间段
for12 weeks/three minutes
since+ 时间点(起点)
since 9 o'clock this morning
since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;
since two weeks ago=for two weeks
for a year=since a year ago;
since 2000=for 9 years
since+从句(从句常用一般过去时)
The Greens have lived in Macao since they moved to Macao from Paris.格林一家从巴黎搬到澳门之后就一直住在澳门。
四、时态填空：
1.Are you sure you _______________(lose) the book?----Yes, I ___________(look) for it everywhere, but I still can’t find it.
2.We ___________ already ___________(copy)
these words.
3. Jim _______________(just, watch) a football match. He is so tired and hungry.
4. ___________you ever _____________(travel) on a train?
5. ---______ they _______(see) the film yet?
---Yes.They_____________(see) it already.
----When______they______(see) it? ----They _______(see)it just now.
6.---- ________ her sister ____________(be) to Nanning?
----No,she_________( never,be) there before.
五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示“动作已经发生”，但不同点在于：
（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。
He has learned French for three years.他学法语已经三年了。
He learned French for three years.他曾经学过三年法语。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it.谁拿走了我的包？我找不到了？
He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。
（2）现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。
He has done some washing yesterday.
He did some washing yesterday.
他昨天洗衣服了。
六、现在完成时与一般过去时练习
1. --- Where __you __ (put) the book? I can’t see it anywhere.
--- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put
2. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
3. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?
A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been
4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.
A. finished; were B. have finished; are
C. have finished; were D. had finished; were
5. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.
A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found
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