英语定语从句解析
北京家教中心：非限制性定语从句
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句作用是说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词、物主代词或指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3.非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物，如果需要用why，可用for which代替.；
p.s: which引导的非限制性定语从句其后不可省略成分，as可以
关系代词引导的定语从句
who指人在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人.
whom指人
在定语从句中充当宾语，常省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，基本可以通用。区别是who可以做主语而whom不可以，whom前可以加介词如to whom，但是who不可以）
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy(whom)I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那个和我聊天的男人.
如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人.
whose通常指人也可指物
在定语从句中做定语。
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友的父亲是医生.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时通常以以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.那个门被打破的教室不久会被修复。
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.课堂门，被打破会不久被修复。
(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?你喜欢颜色是黄色的书吗?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?你喜欢的书的颜色，是黄色吗?
which指物
在定语从句中做主语，表语，定语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.
that指人时
相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语,表语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.数目的人民那个/谁来城市观光每年上升之一个百万
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?那个男人在哪里/我看见谁了今天早上?
关系副词引导的定语从句
when指时间
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
where指地点
在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
why指原因
在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
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